The Energy Transition and Energy Equity: A Compatible Combination?

Much attention is being paid to the short-term supply security of raw materials for energy transition. However, little impact transition on long-term availability a number specific mineral resources that are needed realization fossil-free infrastructure. The aim this paper examine whether quantity required could encounter limits geological resources, especially in case and consumption equitably distributed over all countries world long term. This study an ex ante evaluation. result evaluation four metals relatively problematic: cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel. in-use stocks these transition-related technologies may take up between 20% 30% ultimately available continental Earth’s crust. Even with 80% end-of-life recycling rate, increase annual use primary estimated be 9% 29% nickel, 52% 86% compared without conclusion question equity compatible combination cannot answered unambiguously. After all, it will depend extent speed which nickel can substituted other, geologically less scarce metals, achieved rates not only from products, but also other products applied. novelty analyzed perspective global at expected level European Union 2050.